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History of the Basics of Sovereignty … M. Ridhaei et al / 117
The following discussion is B. Theories of Divine
a brief look at the issue in the Sovereignty
context of power and belief : The oldest belief in the origin
of power is of supernatural
A. The Theory of Sovereignty origin, to the extent that
as the Foundation of Bossuet has defended it in
the Belief to Power “Bibe” politics. According to
Sovereignty is the supreme this source, the power of rulers
power of command within comes from the Creator of the
society and the power of universe, and the will of the
independence and denial of essence of God is involved in
dependence outside it and entrusting the task of rule and
belongs to the highest authority. the source of power to an
This authority is either due individual or to a particular
to a supernatural force that is group or class. This is the
transmitted by the highest theory that has come to be
authorities of the government known as theocratic sovereignty
to the officials and lower in the context of divine law .
levels according to the rules Theocratic sovereignty has
and regulations of Sharia, or is taken three different forms
raised and torn from the strata throughout history, as follows :
of the people, which starts • The Human-Divine Form:
from the bottom of the social In this view, the ruler
pyramid and turns and climbs claims a divine nature.
to the top of the pyramid. He is clothed in human
In the first view, sovereignty clothes and has descended
has a descending aspect and in on the earth to take the
the second view an ascending destiny of the creators
aspect. The totality of society and their life and death
depends on either of these two in his power and to
doctrines, which can guarantee guide them according to
the establishment, stability and his will. Such rulers did
permanence of power.
