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96 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 7 (24): 93-105, Autumn 2020
time of Zayd ibn Ali; as Baghdadi, after introducing
Baghdadi writes: The Zaidiyyah the “Saboiyyah” as a “Rafiḍia”,
denomination is called “Rafiḍia”. calls several other groups such
(Baghdadi, 1948: 21) as the “Imamiyyah” and the
In Khwarizmi “Mafatih al- “Zaidiyyah” by this name; then
'Ulum” it is stated: The group he writes: The “Imamiyyah”
that pledged allegiance to and “Zaidiyyah” denominations
Zayd ibn Ali and then left him are among the groups and
has been called a “Rafiḍia”. denominations that are within
In “Al-Misbah al-Mounir” the Islamic Ummah; but the
he writes: “Rafiḍia” is a group “Saboiyyah” denomination is
of Shiites in Kufa who left not one of the denominations
Zayd ibn Ali, then this title is of the Islamic Ummah,
applied to those who exaggerated because Imam Ali has been
the innocence of the “Sheikhein” called God. (Baghdadi, 1948)
and allowed mockery of the This statement is used that
companions. (Fayoumi, 1964) the ratio of “Rafḍh” to
Over time, this title was also “Imamiyyah” and “Zaidiyyah”
used about the “Imamiyyah” is not correct; because they are
and was recorded in books of among the Muslims and the
“Religions and Denominations”; “Rafiḍia” is one who is outside
as Abu al-Ḥasan al-Ash'ari of Islam and the Islamic
writes: “They were called Ummah. In the books of
“Rafiḍia” by the “Imamiyyah”, denomination and religions,
because they rejected Abu “Rafḍh” and “Rafiḍia” have
Bakr and Omar”. (Ash'ari, been attributed to a group
1980: 89, Footnote) called “Saboiyyah”; then this
Al-Dhahabi and Hafez in title has been applied to groups
“Tahzib”, have referred to such as “Zaidiyyah”, “Imamiyyah”,
those who have mocked the “Kaysanites” and “Ghulat”.
“Sheikhein”.
