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A Critical Approach to Human … H.A. Islaminasab et al / (59
people who help the wayfarers by questioning and answering
in their journey because they through the mind. In the case
guide them to the Almighty of the spiritual master, Chopra,
God as well as mediators of in the book “Elixir” introduces
emanation and awareness and people such as alchemists,
warnings to human beings about sorcerers, and gurus as perfect
their defaults and weaknesses. human beings, while the perfect
(Sadr ul-Din Shirazi, 1979: 12-13) human beings from Sadra’s
point of view are the truth of
3. Comparative Study about Muhammad, the prophets, the
the Ways of Spiritual infallible Imams, and the ʼulīyāʼ
Perfection Allah who God Almighty affirms.
There are similarities and The objection to Chopra’s
differences between the point discussion of spirituality is that
of view of Sadra and Chopra in the divine religions and
in the ways and tools of spiritual Sadra’s philosophy, perfection
perfection. Their commonalities are does not take place without
in the three tools, i.e., belief in God and the divine
knowledge of God, love, and religions and the help of worship.
spiritual master, but these In the idea of Chopra, there
types of commonalities are is no need for special effort for
only in the title, because perfection; rather, the human
knowing God from Sandra’s should only surrender himself
point of view is done in the to the process of nature and go
shadow of self-knowledge and along with it:
divine revelation. “Since life grows and
In contrast, Chopra’s knowledge evolves by nature, we do
of God is superficial and is done
not have to act in a
