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The Gradation and Unity of Existence… S.A. Hosseini et al (36
extended the shadow?”. - Also, “He is the living
(The Qur’an, 25: 45) One, the All-sustainer”.
(The Qur’an, 2: 255)
According to this theory,
there is no chance for 3. Devine Unity in Creation
gradation in existence since The two theories differ in their
existence has only one interpretation and explanation
referent, and gradation needs of creation as an act of God.
different referents. The Theory of Gradation
interprets it as Emanation;
2. Devine Unity in Attributes But according to the theory of
According to the theory of Unity of Existence, the creation
Graduation of Existence, all of God is nothing but a
contingents enjoy different manifestation, because the
attributes like existence, others do not exist in fact, so
knowledge, power, life, etc. it is impossible to attribute
The difference between them creation to them, and there is
and God is in their level of no system of cause and effect
enjoyment. However, according according to this theory. So,
to the Unity of Existence, there is an act of
their attributes are also manifestation from God as a
nothing except manifestations demand for His attributes.
of God’s attributes. Hence, all (Mulla Sadra, 1984: 53-54;
attributes of perfection belong Imam Khomeini, 2010: 300)
to God and He is the one who On the Day of Judgment,
deserves all praise, as the the multiplicity will disappear
Qur’an states,
as a result of God’s
- “All Parise belongs to appearance, as the Holy
Allah”. (The Qur’an, 1: 2) Qur’an states,
“To whom does the
sovereignty belong today?
