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The Gradation and Unity of Existence… S.A. Hosseini et al (42

Table 1. Characteristics of Unity of Existence and the Gradation of Existence

Similarities Differences
Gradation of Existence Unity of Existence
All things exist beside The Gradation leads to the
Thinking Based on
the Fundamentality God; But there is no limitation of God’s existence;
of Existence association with him at While existence is exclusive
this level. to God.
Contingents have attributes The attributes of contingents
Accepting Multiplicity like God but differ in are manifestations of God’s
in the World with level. attributes.
Different Interpretations Interpret the creation of Interpret the creation of
God as Emanation. God as Manifestation.
Contingents are manifestations
There is no effective of God in all their acts, and
agent in this world except

Accepting Gradation God. we should see that single
in Some Ways agent in all acts.
Contingents are the Contingents are manifestations
copulative existences of God. of God’s existence.
Exitance has different
The Dependence of levels and God is the Existence is only One and
Humans on God in highest level. God is out of gradation.
All Their Essence,

Attributes, and Actions There is a law of There is manifestation and
causality emanation. theophany.