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43 / International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE, 11(37), Winter. 2024
Conclusion He is the only real and
Gradation or Unity of effective agent in this
Existence are two main universe, as all others require
theories in Islamic philosophy Him in their essence, attributes,
and mysticism to interpret the and actions. According to this
multiplicity of things in this theory, the creation of God is
world. The Gradation of nothing except manifestation,
Existence accepts the plurality and there is gradation among
of existence and puts them in them.
different levels, from the The theory of the Gradation
lowest level to the highest of Existence explains creation
level (God), as they differ as Emanation and considers
from each other in the level of all low levels of existence as
enjoyment from existence in copulative existences of the
terms of strength and highest level (God).
weakness; While the Unity of Both theories have different
Existence believes that ethical aspects, as the lowest
existence is confined to God, level of existence is always in
as His existence is unlimited, need of the highest level, and
and all others are the manifestations have no
manifestations of that one type of independence compared
being. to the only existence.
These two theories have
several impacts on the human
worldview in different aspects,
as the theory of Unity of
Existence proves monotheism
more purely, as God is the
only existence and He is
outside of the system of
gradation.
