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The Effect Quality of the Intercultural Dialogues… S.H.A. Shah Rizvi and M. Alviri / (87
separation from Muslims is Establishing the role of
established. Prophet Muhammad as the
The Jewish Banu Al peacemaker between the
shutbah tribe is inserted as two groups and the others
one of the Jewish groups, in Medina was central to
rather than with the nine the ending of internal
tribes mentioned earlier in violence in Medina and
the document. The was an essential feature of
constitution also established the constitution. The document
Prophet Muhammad as the ensured freedom of
mediating authority and religious beliefs and
peacemaker amongst those practices for all members
groups and forbids waging who follow the believers.
war without his It imposed a tax system
authorization. The constitution for supporting the
formed the basis of a multi- community in times of
religious Islamic community conflict. It declared the role
in Medina. (Firestone, 1999) of Medina as a Haram,
The constitution was (Hamidullah, 1958) sacred
created to end the bitter place, where no blood of
intertribal conflict between the peoples included in the
the rival clans of Aws and pact can be spilled. Haram
Khazraj in Medina indeed is the place of peace
(Serjeant, 1978) and to with God and God’s
maintain peace and creation indicating that
cooperation among all Islam is the religion of
groups in Medina. peace and the community
