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Allamah Misbah’s Puzzle … M. Legenhausen (53
Also, Stewart Shapiro makes Conclusion
similar observation in his The discussion begins with
contribution. (Ref: Akiba and the presentation of a dilemma
Abasnezhad, 2014: 234-235) by Allameh Misbah for Mulla
Allamah Misbah might also Sadra. We could formulate
have argued that it is self- the dilemma as a reductio ad
evident that identity is a absurdum.
transitive relation. If “a=b” The proposition to be
and “b=c”, it follows that refuted is that the soul begins
“a=c”. Fuzzy identity, its existence as a corporeal
however, is not transitive. entity. If this is true, there
This might be taken as reason must be some instant at which
enough to dispense with fuzzy it ceases to be merely
identity altogether. corporeal or the immaterial
The proponents of fuzzy level of its essence was
identity, however, admit that present from its inception. If
in fuzzy logic, modus ponens, it ceases to be merely
the substitutivity of identicals, corporeal at some point, then
and the transitivity of identity it did not begin its existence
are all invalid. as a corporeal entity but as an
In defense of fuzzy logic, immaterial one that is
Priest argues that in argument introduced or attached to the
that utilize these rules, if the body at the instant Sadra
premises are close enough to would say that it ceases to be
the truth, the conclusion will
also be close to true. This merely corporeal.
might explain why these So, given the first horn of
principles seem to be self- the dilemma, we must reject
evident to us, although they the proposition to be refuted.
are invalid. (Priest, 2008: 576)
