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62 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 10(34), Spring. 2023
Theoretical Foundations and value and is devoid of
Research Background meaning. It is a perspective

1. Meaningless Existence that leads individuals into the
The concept of meaninglessness abyss of despair, pessimism,
in the modern era is and disbelief.
considered one of the This viewpoint asserts that

intriguing and significant issues the search for meaning in this
in the humanities. world is essentially futile, and
With technological human efforts ultimately
advancements, social changes, result in failure, despair, and

and cultural transformations, death. With the decline of
individuals are confronted with modern human beliefs in
experiences of meaninglessness religion and Christianity,

and confusion in their daily values begin to lose their
lives. When human values are significance and become
threatened and diminished, worthless. (Critchley, 2004: 49)

individuals become empty The bewildered thoughts,
from within, forgetting their following the World Wars in
talents and capabilities. Nothing Europe, have intensified due

brings them joy, and the to the prominent presence of
phenomenon of pleasure death and the instability of
becomes elusive. life.
As a result, individuals Various social, ethical, and

experience a sense of psychological contradictions
emptiness and meaninglessness. prevailing in modern societies,

The combination of these coupled with the absence of
factors creates the perception spiritual ideals and values, have
in humans that life lacks any led to human contemplation