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Ali Ṣafāei Ḥāeri’s Approach to Philosophical Counseling… H. Mohammadabadi et al (127
7. Approach To Understanding 8. Clarifying Emotional Life
the Unique Self and Others (An Eclectic-Philosophical
Through Dialogue (A More Approach to Psychotherapy)
Non-Clinical Approach) (Brian T. Rutter)
(Maria Davenza Tillmanns) According to Rutter, people
According to Maria, often experience emotions that
philosophical counseling is do not have a clear understanding
never about solving problems. of the meaning and context of
She believes that life is inherently their emergence, as well as how
problematic. Rather than they ultimately affect their
focusing on solving problems, daily lives. Rutter talks about
Tillmanns emphasizes learning Rogers’ reflection of emotions
about life through conversation and how the counselor’s mirroring
(Tillmanns, 2005). of clients’ emotions illuminates
Tillmanns does not consider the client’s emotional experience.
philosophical counseling as an Rutter also shows how
activity that is more focused Rogers’ reflexive view of
on rationality (Ibid: 156). emotional life can be extended
Buber also emphasizes the to include Martin Heidegger’s
necessity of talking with another ideas about being in the world
because he believes that it is (Rutter, 2021), and how the
through the process of engaging client’s emotional world be
with another that we can meet reconstructed in the treatment
our inner context and we should room during a bilateral and
not seek to understand the context hermeneutic process between
before interacting with another the client and the therapist
because such action will only (Cohen & Zinech, 2013).
cause mistrust (Ibid). Buber’s
idea contrasts with many 9. Other Approaches
psychological and sociological Carl R. Rogers (Rogers cited in
theories that emphasize the Frunza, 2022: 101), and Sandu
importance of creating structures Frunza consider clients as dialogue
for understanding (Ibid: 158). partners in philosophical counseling
as clients often turn to
