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Ali Ṣafāei Ḥāeri’s Approach to Philosophical Counseling… H. Mohammadabadi et al (129


                       thinking,  which  starts  from            means providing the necessary
                       immediate      cognitions      and        raw  materials  and  conducting

                       reaches to a deeper knowledge             the necessary studies for thinking,
                       of  oneself  and  one’s  talents          and thinking means concluding
                       and  knowledge  of  the  origin           raw materials and abstraction and

                       and  other  types  of  knowledge          generalization. Reasoning also means
                       from  immediate  and  direct              evaluating  and  comparing  the
                       perceptions  (insights)  which            goals  and  solutions  reached

                       are understandable for everyone.          through      thinking.      These
                       The  outcome  is  genuine                 outcomes are achieved through
                       knowledge based on truth. The             thinking  free  from  whims,

                       mind  should  be  refined  and            prejudices, habits, imitations, etc.
                       freed  along  with  thinking                 Ali Safaei Haeri emphasizes
                       before  reaching  knowledge  to           the  three  factors  of  fostering
                       avoid  intellectual  deviations.          thinking,  freedom,  and  character

                       According      to    Ali    Ṣafāei        in  childhood.  Fostering  thinking
                       Ḥāeri’s  counseling  model,               can develop the ability to reason

                       fundamental      questions     are        and  infer  well  in  adulthood.
                       asked about the key components            Moreover, strengthening freedom
                       during contemplation.                     helps the child learn to accept
                         During counseling and after             his/her mistakes in the face of a

                       the client’s self-transformation          better idea. Finally, strengthening
                       and  reaching  true  knowledge,           character  and  self-esteem  in
                       the  counselor  or  instructor            childhood helps the person not

                       should remind the client to avoid         retreat from sound ideas with the
                       forgetfulness and neglect.                influx of false thoughts in adulthood,
                         Ali  Safaei  Haeri  considers           even if they are the mainstream

                       thinking to be the cornerstone            (Ṣafāei Ḥāeri, 2016).
                       of human education and growth.
                       Accordingly, his philosophical            2. Self-Transformation After

                       counseling        focuses       on        Intellectual Maturity
                       contemplation,  thinking,  and            Ali  Safaei  Haeri  believes  that
                       free  reasoning.  Contemplation           deliberation,  thinking,  and
                                                                 reasoning  are  the  foundations
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