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130 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 8 (27): 109-140, Summer 2021
(
based on popular anecdotes; Finally, in the fifth century
also, the foundation of the five BC, these collections were
journeys attributed to Prophet compiled into one book;
Moses was compiled around however, there were many people
the tenth century BC, then in who participated in this long and
later times some theology and complex work and most of them
traditions of the priests were have been forgotten by history.
added to it, and of course the (Shamkhi, 2011)
compilation of books has In general, biblical scholars
continued for centuries. cite four basic sources for the
(Bucaille, 1978: 25-28) Torah:
On the other hand, in • Elohim
ancient times, people believed • Yahweh
that Prophet Moses wrote the • Kohen
Torah; but new biblical studies • Book of Deuteronomy
show that the question of the
origin of the Torah's journey is This indicates that the
more difficult than initially present five passages of the
thought; because the Torah has Torah have been combined
been created for generations; and written from four different
in other words, at first there sources at very distant times.
were narrations, which the (Michelle, 2017: 32)
Jewish people transmitted Also one of the most famous
orally to each other, then these critiques of the Torah, which
narrations were written in proves that the author of the
several collections, some of Torah is not a divine prophet, is
which were about history and put forward by Baruch Spinoza
some about the rulings. (1632-1677), the Dutch
