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William James, an American science and religion in this
philosopher and psychologist, century. (Ref: Rezania, 2018).
th
considered the 18 century a In the 20 century, the
th
rationalist age, which entered the interaction between science and
field of religious truth with the foot religion was discussed and
of rationality, in such a way that development as a product of
all aspects of life, including human science concerning religion was
progress, were considered investigated. At the beginning
dependent on empirical reason of this century, Freud considered
(Ref: Carroll, 2018). religion a type of neurosis and
th
In the 19 century, the conflict the most important enemy of
between science and religion science, and logical positivism
was formed in different ways emerged by calling metaphysical
in the West. In addition to the propositions meaningless
relationship between religion and (Golshani, 2021:130).
science, the relationship between However, in the continuation
religion and progress was also of the 20 century, in existentialism
th
considered. August Kent talked and the differentiation of the
about societies passing through language of religion in the
divine and philosophical stages philosophy of linguistic analysis,
and entering the scientific and religion was introduced as
educational period so that the completely distinct from
progress and development of science, not conflicting with it
mankind were considered (Barbour, 1997: 144). In the
th
dependent on the supremacy second half of the 20
of experimental science over century, the failure of the
religion and philosophy, as development paradigms and the
well as religion as an obstacle weaknesses of science-based
to progress and development. progress in individual and social
Darwin's species exchange life, the conflict between
theory is one of the other religion and science, and the
types of conflict between resulting development became
weaker. The modernization
