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The Perspectives of Sect Histrographers… H.R. Qolizadeh & E. Touran (75
Nonetheless, it can be Azariqah (lit; those who
argued that the in-depth postpone) advanced the idea
examination of its examples, of polytheism and declared
especially in the issue of everybody outside of it to be
Takfir (declaring someone a a polytheist. (Izutsu, 2020)
disbeliever), started with the Contrary to the Kharijites,
emergence of Kharijites and Azariqah were more concerned
political debates, and then with enlarging the definition
acquired a theological of faith which was more
dimension. (Ref: Ja’farian, important than deeds. Stated
2022: 171-175) differently, their doctrines
Because of their particular maintain that there is no
radicalism, the early Kharijites discernible distinction between
considered everyone who faith and Islam or joining the
sinned to be a disbeliever, Ummah externally. (Montgomery
since they thought that all Watt, 1985)
offenders in Muslim communities When the Mu'tazila viewed
were disbelievers. (Baghdadi, a serious offender as a non-
1988: 307) believer and occasionally
According to Esfarayeni, even as a Muslim and the
their opinion is that anyone Kharijites viewed such a
who commits a sin and is a person as a disbeliever, the
member of Muhammad's Murji'ah put forward this
Ummah (Islamic community) belief. Hasan Basri was viewed
is a disbeliever. (Esfarayeni, as a hypocrite by some people
1980: 38) even his supporters. (Abu Zahra,
By aggressively labeling 2019: 205)
anyone who disagreed with In this respect, a Hadith
them as polytheists and attributed to Prophet
establishing a region known Muhammad called Hadith
as the domain of Islam, the Iftiraq (Hadith of Division).
