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The Perspectives of Sect Histrographers… H.R. Qolizadeh & E. Touran (77

                       (Habibi  Mozahari,  1994,                 sectarianism  in  Islam  based

                       Vol. 6: 267)                              on  the  notions  of  disbelief
                         Among  the  scholars  who               and  faith.  In  this  study,  he
                       did  not  mention  the  Hadith            discussed  the  general  aspects

                       Iftiraq  in  their  works  about          of  Takfir  and  its  historical
                       the  Islamic  sects,  Ibn  Hazm           background  at  the  inception
                       considered       this     Hadith          of     Islam,     predominantly

                       inadmissible  and  incorrect,             relying on its origins.
                       while some others regarded it                Izutsu  (2020),  in  the  book
                       as    fabricated.     (Aqanouri,          “The  Concept  of  Belief  in
                       2003: 129)                                Islamic  Theology”, examined

                         Abu-Hatim  Razi,  in  his               the  concept  of  disbelief  and
                       book  “Al-Zinah”,  referred  to           faith.  However,  his  approach
                       this  Hadith  in  the  section            primarily  revolves  around

                       related  to  enumerating  sects           theological  perspectives  and
                       and  presented  his  argument.            occasionally  references  some
                       (Razi, 2011: 57)                          sects'  views  on  this  matter.

                         Among these scholars, some              Nevertheless,  few  research
                       Muslim sects historiographers,            papers seem to be available in
                       such  as  Nawbakhti,  ‘Ash’ari,           this area.

                       Balkhi,     Muqaddasi,        and
                       Mofid,  have  focused  merely             1.  Faith and Disbelief
                       on  reporting  the  divisions             A  significant  number  of

                       among  sects  and  have  not              Muslim  sect  historiographers
                       mentioned the Hadith Iftiraq.             have  addressed  this  issue  in
                         This  issue  has  also  been            their     writings,     as     was

                       discussed in the contemporary             previously  noted  on  the
                       age; For example:                         significance  of  faith  and
                         Ja’farian (2022), in his book           disbelief and their determination
                       “Lessons about Islamic Sects”,            in the eyes of Muslims.

                       addressed the topic Religious
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