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Mulla Ṣadrā's Moral Realism… H. Mohiti Ardakan (59
are obscured from seeing lust and desire is to associate
them, but their reality is in the with animals such as bears, pigs,
form of beasts, snakes, and or insects (Ibid, 1961, 28). The
scorpions and it is visible with predominance of anger, rage,
the eye of discernment. and predatory nature is to be
According to Mulla Ṣadrā, resurrected in the form of dogs
these torments that appear in and wolves, harassment of
the form of snakes and scorpions others leads to being
are not material and constructed resurrected in the form of
torments, but rather external snakes and scorpions, thieves
forms of the person's soul that and tricksters appear in the
have become such. Indeed, form of rats and crows, the
these horrible faces are the predominance of arrogance
face of his actions in this would entail to a lion and a
world, which have become leopard form, the result of self-
visible to him in the hereafter. exaltation is the face of a
These forms also exist before peacock and a partridge, and
death, but the moral agent is the result of greed and
not able to understand them. hoarding of goods is being
(Mulla Ṣadrā, 1960; Ibid, 1996: resurrected in the form of an
239-240) ant, and in general, it can be
Every inner state and said that everyone will be
disposition that dominates a resurrected according to
person in this world will find its his/her intentions. (Ibid, 1961:
corresponding form in the 45-51)
hereafter. (Ibid, 1996: 241) All the blessings of heaven
Every human being in the and the torments of hell can be
hereafter, depending on the interpreted on this basis and it
attributes that s/he got used to in is the natural result of human
this world, will be surrounded behavior which will appear in
by forms that match those the hereafter. (Ibid, 1981a,
attributes. The result of the Vol.7: 81-83)
predominance of the traits of
