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state, connection to the world Causal Relationships in Moral
of intellects, and true Judgments
understanding of the universe. Mulla Ṣadrā explained the
From Mulla Ṣadrā's viewpoint, relationship between jurisprudence
although every existential and morality in such a way that
perfection cannot be considered a jurisprudential rulings are like
moral perfection, every moral doctors’ recommendations, which
perfection is necessarily an appear to praise medicine and
existential perfection. It is clear order to use it but refer to the
that this goal is real and its real background of those
achievement also depends on recommendations and orders.
performing certain actions and In other words, the doctors’
realizing the attributes and recommendations do not imply
properties that are appropriate to it. the inherent desirability of that
Therefore, the intrinsic value medicine, but rather that the
that is applied to the goal of use of medicine is effective in
morality is real. Instrumental reducing pain and ultimately
values, which refer to the effect finding recovery. Religious
of actions in achieving goals, are and jurisprudential rulings are
also real, because every action often issued in the form of
has a real effect, either positive or order or prohibition, but each
negative, in realizing the true of them refers to the causal
happiness of man, whether those relationship between some
effects can be seen in the world or actions and the true happiness
not. So, the criterion of of man, which is often not
goodness and badness is real and taken into account:
objective. (Mulla Ṣadrā, 1981a, Likewise, legal and religious
Vol.4: 115; Ibid , (2020); Ibid, actions are a cure for heart
1960) Therefore, the real criterion diseases, while they are
for morality guarantees that Mulla something that most people do
Ṣadrā's moral viewpoint is not feel, most of them have
among realistic theories. neglected it, and few are aware
of the ways of connection and
