Page 68 - Pure Life 23
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The Role of States… H. Aziz / 67
exploitation, which compels The Role of States in
anti-imperialist states to develop Defence of their Citizens
cyberstrategies to counter the States are obliged to defend and
exploitation and to advance the to protect the rights of their
national interests of their citizens citizens to privacy, both
and institutions. individual and institutional
Only states can have the citizens, as well as their own
capacities and human and international sovereignty.
material resources for the In ordinary civilian life
development and citizens transact online-banking,
implementation of tax computation, and health care
cyberstrategies. and education matters- to
The imperialist intrusion mention only a few. The
includes shutting down responsibility rests, primarily, on
connectivity, interception of the states to provide
emails and e-messages, invasion cybersecurity at the macro-level
of personal files, subverting and on citizens, at the micro-
social media for propaganda level.
campaigns, and transforming Cyberattacks are not only
freedom to anarchy of CST. technical but also social because
States use civilian they attack citizens’ private and
surveillance to know the detailed confidential information.
habits and preferences of The attacks take on various
perceived adversaries. forms-virus, unauthorised
In 2008-10 the USA Defence access, theft of proprietary
Department formally recognised information, denial of service,
‘cyber’ as a domain of war in insider net abuse, laptop theft,
addition to air, land, sea, and financial fraud, misuse of public
space war. In 2016 NATO web application, system
followed suit. penetration, abuse of wireless
network, sabotage, telecom
fraud, and website defacement.
