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142 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 10 (33): 131-167, Winter. 2023
3. Ontology of Husn va by Hind ibn Abi Halah, the
Qubh son of Khadijah, when

Saduq believed in essential attributing the Prophet,
good and bad (Husn va refers to essential good and
Qubh Dhati) in ontological bad of acts:

aspect because, in the 60 The Prophet counted
th
chapter of “The Book of good things as great and
Tawhid” while describing admitted and despised

Allah’s the most bad ones. (Ibid, 1983: 82)
advantageous act with His
servants, mentioned a This view on essential

tradition in which deduced good and bad is that of
moral realism. Based on
th
within to the 44 verse of
sura Yunus, denied realism, moral realities are

oppression of God and something independent of
considered Him as the most our beliefs and approaches,
advantageous doer. (Saduq, which are synonymous or
2000: 403) almost synonymous with

The negation of moral objectivism and
oppression from God moral cognitivism.
indicates valuation of (Khawas et al, 2006: 48)

actions before the 4. Epistemology of Husn
establishment of Shari’a law. va Qubh
Moreover, the following In the epistemological

narration reported by aspect, Saduq believed in
Sheikh Saduq in “The book rational good and bad;
Ma'ani al-Akhbar”, transmitted because acknowledged the