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190 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 10 (33): 169-217, Winter. 2023
vacuum for their brief proposal that the universe
existence. A quantum was spawned by a piece of
vacuum is thus far from rubber. It might be true, but
nothing. one would still want to
As Barrow and Tipler ask where the piece of
(1996: 441) point out: “It rubber came from”. (Guth,
is, of course, somewhat 1997: 273)
inappropriate to call the Vilenkin (2006: 185)
origin of a bubble universe finally accepts that “the
in a fluctuation of the “vacuum” is very different
vacuum “creation ex from “nothing”. vacuum, or
nihilo,” for the quantum empty space, has energy
mechanical vacuum is not and tension, it can bend and
truly “nothing”; rather, the warp, so it is
vacuum state has a rich unquestionably something”.
structure which resides in a So, contrary to what
previously existing substratum Smith (1988: 54) claims that
of space-time, either in vacuum fluctuation
Minkowski or de Sitter models “[t]he universe
space-time”. appears in a quantum
Accordingly, Alan Guth, tunneling from nothing at
in response to the Tryon- all to de Sitter space”, even
Vilenkin Model, wrote: “a Vilenkin (1982: 26) himself
proposal that the universe admits that “The concept of
was created from empty the universe being created
space is no more from nothing is a crazy
fundamental than a one”.
