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192 International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE. 10 (33): 169-217, Winter. 2023
which the real time (t) in to exist just in case for any
Einstein’s gravitational finite temporal interval,
equations is replaced by an there are only a finite
imaginary time (-iτ). number of equal temporal
According to Hawking intervals earlier than it”;
(1997: 154): “Only if we (Craig, 1999: 732) so that
could picture the universe it is not the case the
in terms of imaginary time universe always existed.
would there be no At any rate, the
singularities... This in turn Hawking-Hartle model
led to the idea that the supposes a ground-state
universe could be finite in wave function as a
imaginary time but without boundary condition, with
boundaries or singularities. no reference to anything
When one goes back to the that might have come
real time in which we live, before it, and estimates its
however, there will still probability according to the
appear to be singularities”. laws of quantum
This of course does not mechanics.
imply that the universe did Since the universe has no
not begin to exist. For, boundaries in space or
firstly, by backing to the time, “one can interpret the
real time there will still be functional integral over all
singularities; secondly, “Having compact four-geometries...
a beginning does not entail to arise from a zero three-
having a [i.e. exactly one] geometry, i.e: A single
beginning point... Time begins point. In other words, the
