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82 / International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE, 11(37), Winter. 2024
other scholars maintain Narāqī introduced Ḥikmat as
that theoretical intellect the virtue of intellect and said,

can be attributed to There is a virtue for
moderation but based on theoretical intellect
the two following which is introduced by

interpretations of scholars in ethics as
moderation; wisdom by which we
recognize all existents as
• Practical intellect, faculty
of anger and they are (Ibid, p.110).

concupiscence be Enumerating the virtues for
obedient for theoretical intellect, Ibn Miskawayh said,
faculty. There are some subset-
• All faculties be in virtues for intellect e,g,
moderate status but Tafakkur (thinking), al-
obedient for the Ḏakā' (cleverness) by

theoretical intellect and which man easily finds the
line with it (Narāqī, 2002, result, al-Ḏukr
Vol.1: 97). (reminding) by which man
Diverse ethical virtues are can image all things in his

found when the faculty of mind, and purity of mind
intellect is managed. Many by which man can infer
scholars in the science of Akhlāq what is intended to learn
(ethics) introduced Ḥikmat easily (Ibn Miskawayh,

(wisdom) as an ethical virtue for 2014, p.106).
the moderate status of the faculty However, other Islamic

of intellect. However, there will thinkers have expressed some
be found some vices e.g., other virtues for intellect such
Balāhat (stupidity) and Makr as the recognition of trueness
(sophistry) if the faculty of and falsehood in speech,

intellect deviates from moderate rightness and wrongness in
status toward Al-Ifrāṭ Wa al- beliefs, and beauty and
Tafrīṭ (exaggeration and ugliness in practice. The

simplicity). In this respect, mentioned virtues are
Mulla Muhammad Mahdi