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84 / International Multi. J. of PURE LIFE, 11(37), Winter. 2024
Furthermore, concerning the defect in mind. In other words,
vice of theoretical intellect, it is a kind of non-benefit and
Narāqī said, non-control on the faculty of
There are two vices intellect, leading to Jahl
against Ḥikmat (wisdom) (ignorance) including al-Basīṭ
namely, sophistry and (simple) and al-Murakkab
stupidity. The first one is (complex) ones i.e., Simple
the al-Ifrāṭ (exaggeration) ignorance is when a man does
not know something, but he
side of wisdom from which knows his ignorance. Complex
man utilizes his/her ignorance is when a man is
intellectual faculty more ignorant but considers
than what deserves to be. himself/herself nowledgeable.
The second one is related They both are considered the
to the al-Tafrīṭ (simplicity) immediate consequences of
side in which man ignores useless intellect. Additionally,
or ceases to benefit from some other negative results
intellect (Narāqī, 2002, originate from ignorance e.g.,
Vol.1: 110-111). Ḥairat (perplexity) and Shak
Multiple traditions disapprove (skepticism) (Mullā Ṣadrā,
of sophistry. For instance, 1981b: 200).
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Referring to the Qur’an and
said, traditions, numerous Maṣādīq
He who deceives is not a (extensions) would be found to
Muslim among us condemn ignorance, irrationality,
(Ṣadūq, 1989, 1:271). and their negative consequences.
For instance, Allah (SWT) said,
• Balāhat (Stupidity) as “Only those seek a leave
al-Tafrīṭ (Simplicity) [of exemption] from you
Side of Theoretical who do not believe in
Intellect
Allah and the Last Day,
Stupidity is the deviated and whose hearts are in
condition of intellect which doubt, so they waver in
means to cease working on their doubt” (The Qur’an,
intellect purposefully with no 9: 45).
